HISTORY
384 - 322 Î.Hr. ARISTOTLE
427-347 Î.Hr. PLATO
They studied natural human thinking
1938,1939
Ștefan Odobleja
Consonant psychology (generalized cybernetics, psychocybernetics). It establishes the principles, ways and paths towards the realization of artificial thinking: cicularity, binarity, dichotomy, selectivity through agreements, automatism, electromagnetism.
Ștefan Odobleja was born on October 13, 1902 in Izvorul Aneștilor, Valea Hoțului village, Mehedinți, Romania. He graduated from the Military Medical Institute of the "Carol Davila" Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, in 1928
He is the author of "Consonantist Psychology", written in French and published in 2 volumes in Paris, Libraire Maloins, 1938-1939, totaling 880 pages.
He was internationally recognized at the World Congress of Cybernetics and Systems, Amsterdam, August 21-25, 1978
Odilia stated: "Cosonantist psychology was a cybrnetics and because conceiving the brain as a thinking machine, it proceeded to analyze thinking in a modernized machinist vision.mBecause, in addition to analogical thinking, it proposed and applied circularist thinking in its construction, another variety of thinking, with intensive use of the cyclical process, a method considered today a specific prerogative of cybernetics.
Because he did not limit himself only to describing what was in the brain, he did not limit himself only to the study of the mind and natural thinking, but also extended his concerns to artificial, instrumental thinking, machine thinking.necause it was a science of natural and artificial information machines. Because she was constantly concerned with the mechanization of thought. He anticipated artificial thinking machines, foresaw their appearance, suggested them soon, appreciated their timeliness and feasibility, giving technicians the need to act, because he gave them the psychological model."
1940 - Kurt Godell - Reflects on Mechanical Intelligence
1943 - Water Pitts and Varren Mc Cullough - Describe a mathematical model for building a thinking machine.
1950 - Alan Turing - Conceives the Turing test and the universal thinking machine
1950- Michael Mauldin- He created the term Chatbot and the first Verbot copy.
1956 - John Mc Carhty - Introduces the term artificial intelligence
1964 – Isac Asimov – Small Computers Will Become Brains for Robots
1966 - Eliza
1972 - Perry
Chatbots, the ancestors of today's artificial intelligences, have been launched.
1990- Geoffrey Everest Hinton- His research in the field of neural networks paved the way for current artificial intelligence systems. Vice president at Googl- resignation 2023, because he also talked about the dangers of the misuse of AI, a fact that Odobleja also talked about.
What Artificial Intelligence says about Ștefan Odobleja(6):
Ștefan Odobleja: Pioneer of Romanian Cybernetics
https://gemini.google.com/share/96f8f06b959e
Created with 3 Flash May 30, 2026 at 21:39Published on: May 30, 2026 at 21:41
Who was Ștefan Odobleja
Ștefan Odobleja (1902–1978) was a Romanian military doctor, scientist and inventor, internationally recognized as one of the world's pioneers of cybernetics.
Although the American mathematician Norbert Wiener is officially considered the father of cybernetics (due to his 1948 book), Ștefan Odobleja published the fundamental concepts of this science ten years earlier, in 1938.
His major contribution: “Consonant Psychology” k
In 1938, Odobleja published his fundamental work in Paris, written in French: “Psychologie consonantiste” (Consonant Psychology). In this book, he laid the foundations of what we call cybernetics and systems thinking today.
Unlike other scientists of the time, Odobleja reached these conclusions based on medicine and observation of the human body. The most important concepts he defined were:
- The law of reversibility (Feedback): He first described feedback (inverse connection) as a universal principle. He demonstrated that a stimulus does not only produce a reaction, but the reaction, in turn, modifies the initial stimulus to maintain balance (homeostasis).
- Mechanization of thought: Odobleja intuited that human mental processes can be modeled and transposed into automatic mechanisms or computing machines. In essence, he anticipated the emergence of modern computers and artificial intelligence.
- Interdisciplinary approach: He argued that the same laws of control and communication apply everywhere: in biology, in psychology, in economics, and in technology.
Why was he not recognized in time?
Although his ideas were revolutionary, Odobleja did not receive the recognition he deserved during his lifetime for several critical reasons:
- Historical context: His book was published just before the outbreak of World War II (1939), a time when the international scientific community was completely distracted by the conflict.
- Lack of resources: As a military doctor in Romania, he did not have the necessary funds to promote his work in major Western academic centers or to build physical prototypes based on his theories.
- Communist regime: Later, in the post-war period, Romania came under Soviet control, and ties with Western science were severely restricted, leaving Odobleja isolated.
Posthumous recognition: Only towards the end of his life, and especially after his death, did the international community and the Romanian Academy recognize his merits. Today, Ștefan Odobleja is widely considered the brilliant precursor of a science that definitively changed the modern world.
